V in\u017einierstve existuj\u00fa pojmy objekt a pozadie. Objekty s\u00fa be\u017en\u00e9 veci, ktor\u00e9 sa maj\u00fa zisti\u0165 a presk\u00fama\u0165 (\u013eudia, vozidl\u00e1, zvierat\u00e1 at\u010f.), pozadie je v\u0161etko ostatn\u00e9, \u010do nie je pokryt\u00e9 objektom v zornom poli (les, tr\u00e1va, budovy at\u010f.)<\/p>\n
Fungovanie v\u0161etk\u00fdch termov\u00edznych syst\u00e9mov je zalo\u017een\u00e9 na vn\u00edman\u00ed teplotn\u00fdch rozdielov medzi dvoma vecami, t. j. objektom na pozad\u00ed, a na prevode tohto rozdielu na vidite\u013en\u00fd obraz. Preto\u017ee v\u0161etky teles\u00e1 nie s\u00fa zohrievan\u00e9 rovnako, vznik\u00e1 obraz rozlo\u017eenia infra\u010derven\u00e9ho \u017eiarenia. \u010c\u00edm v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed je rozdiel medzi intenzitou IR \u017eiarenia objektu a intenzitou IR \u017eiarenia pozadia, t\u00fdm je tepeln\u00fd obraz rozl\u00ed\u0161ite\u013enej\u0161\u00ed a kontrastnej\u0161\u00ed. S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 termov\u00edzne zariadenia s\u00fa schopn\u00e9 zisti\u0165 teplotn\u00e9 rozdiely 0,015-0,07 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.pulsar-nv.com\/data\/public\/uploads\/2020\/06\/princip-raboty-teplovizora.png\")
\nV\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina jednotiek no\u010dn\u00e9ho videnia zalo\u017een\u00fdch bu\u010f na elektr\u00f3nkov\u00fdch zosil\u0148ova\u010doch obrazu, alebo na sn\u00edma\u010doch CMOS\/CCD detekuje infra\u010derven\u00e9 \u017eiarenie v rozsahu vlnov\u00fdch d\u013a\u017eok 0,78 – 1 \u00b5m, \u010do je len o zlomok viac ako spektr\u00e1lna citlivos\u0165 \u013eudsk\u00e9ho oka. Termov\u00edzne jednotky pracuj\u00fa v rozsahu vlnov\u00fdch d\u013a\u017eok 3-555 \u00b5m (MWIR alebo infra\u010derven\u00e9 stredn\u00e9 vlny) a 8-14 \u00b5m (LWIR alebo infra\u010derven\u00e9 dlh\u00e9 vlny). V tomto p\u00e1sme vlnov\u00fdch d\u013a\u017eok s\u00fa pr\u00edzemn\u00e9 vrstvy atmosf\u00e9ry transparentn\u00e9 pre IR \u017eiarenie a emisivita pozorovan\u00fdch objektov s teplotou -50 – +50 \u00b0C je najvy\u0161\u0161ia.<\/p>\n
Termokamera je elektronick\u00e9 pozorovacie zariadenie, ktor\u00e9 vytv\u00e1ra obraz teplotn\u00e9ho rozdielu v pozorovanej oblasti priestoru. Z\u00e1kladnou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou ka\u017edej termokamery je mikrobolometrick\u00e9 pole (tepeln\u00fd sn\u00edma\u010d) a ka\u017ed\u00fd obrazov\u00fd prvok tohto po\u013ea (pixel) dok\u00e1\u017ee mera\u0165 teplotu s vysokou presnos\u0165ou.
\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.pulsar-nv.com\/data\/public\/uploads\/2020\/06\/spektralnyi-diapazon.png\")
<\/p>\n
V\u00fdhoda termokamier spo\u010d\u00edva v tom, \u017ee nepotrebuj\u00fa \u017eiadne extern\u00e9 zdroje osvetlenia, s\u00fa to pas\u00edvne syst\u00e9my, ktor\u00e9 dobre funguj\u00fa vo dne aj v \u010diernej noci. Ako u\u017e bolo spomenut\u00e9, zl\u00e9 poveternostn\u00e9 podmienky, ako je hmla alebo d\u00e1\u017e\u010f, nevytv\u00e1raj\u00fa prek\u00e1\u017eky pre termov\u00edziu, tieto podmienky by sp\u00f4sobili, \u017ee be\u017en\u00e9 jednotky no\u010dn\u00e9ho videnia by boli \u00faplne nepou\u017eite\u013en\u00e9.<\/p>\n
\u010cinnos\u0165 v\u0161etk\u00fdch termov\u00edznych zariaden\u00ed mo\u017eno jednoducho op\u00edsa\u0165 takto:<\/p>\n
- \n
- Objekt\u00edv termokamery vytv\u00e1ra teplotn\u00fa mapu v\u0161etk\u00e9ho, \u010do sa nach\u00e1dza v zornom poli, na povrchu term\u00e1lneho sn\u00edma\u010da (naz\u00fdvan\u00fa aj mapa teplotn\u00fdch rozdielov).<\/li>\n
- Mikroprocesor a \u010fal\u0161ie elektronick\u00e9 prvky \u010d\u00edtaj\u00fa \u00fadaje z tepeln\u00e9ho sn\u00edma\u010da, sprac\u00favaj\u00fa ich a vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa tvar na displeji, ktor\u00fd predstavuje vizu\u00e1lnu interpret\u00e1ciu \u00fadajov. Tento obraz potom pozorovate\u013e sleduje cez okul\u00e1r alebo priamo na obrazovke.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Termokamery maj\u00fa viac spolo\u010dn\u00e9ho s digit\u00e1lnymi pr\u00edstrojmi no\u010dn\u00e9ho videnia ako pr\u00edstroje no\u010dn\u00e9ho videnia so zosilnen\u00fdm obrazom (be\u017ene ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 ako anal\u00f3gov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my) a umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed po\u010det pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00fdch nastaven\u00ed a \u00faprav.<\/p>\n
Napr\u00edklad nastavenie jasu a kontrastu, nastavenie farieb obrazu, zavedenie pomocn\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed do zorn\u00e9ho po\u013ea (aktu\u00e1lny \u010das, \u00farove\u0148 nabitia bat\u00e9rie, ikony akt\u00edvnych re\u017eimov at\u010f.), digit\u00e1lny zoom, obraz v obraze (zobrazuje zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161en\u00fd obraz pozorovan\u00e9ho objektu alebo jeho \u010dasti v dodato\u010dnom malom okne) a funkcie vypnutia displeja (pou\u017e\u00edva sa na \u00fasporu energie a zabr\u00e1nenie vystaveniu podsvieteniu).<\/p>\n
Termov\u00edzne a digit\u00e1lne pu\u0161koh\u013eady m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 aj mnoho funkci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu strelcovi pom\u00f4c\u0165, ako napr\u00edklad viacero volite\u013en\u00fdch sie\u0165ok s r\u00f4znymi tvarmi a farbami, pohodln\u00e9 a r\u00fdchle funkcie nulovania, ako napr\u00edklad „one-shot zeroing“ a „Freeze“, funkcie automatickej korekcie vzdialenosti, viacero profilov nulovania pre r\u00f4zne pu\u0161ky, indik\u00e1cia bo\u010dn\u00e9ho sklonu, eleva\u010dn\u00e9ho uhla a mnoho \u010fal\u0161\u00edch.<\/p>\n
V porovnan\u00ed s anal\u00f3gov\u00fdmi pu\u0161koh\u013eadmi na no\u010dn\u00e9 videnie je zameriavac\u00ed syst\u00e9m v digit\u00e1lnych a termov\u00edznych pr\u00edstrojoch zvy\u010dajne „digit\u00e1lny“, t. j. obraz zameriavacieho syst\u00e9mu je prekryt\u00fd obrazom sc\u00e9ny pomocou spracovania videa. Ke\u010f\u017ee obraz pozorovan\u00e9ho objektu a sie\u0165ky sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v rovnakej rovine (rovina zobrazenia), efekty ako paralaxa s\u00fa eliminovan\u00e9. Mierka sa pohybuje elektronicky, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 mechanick\u00e9 korek\u010dn\u00e9 prvky, ktor\u00e9 sa zvy\u010dajne nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa na anal\u00f3gov\u00fdch pu\u0161koh\u013eadoch. Preto sa tieto mechanick\u00e9 korek\u010dn\u00e9 prvky, ktor\u00e9 si vy\u017eaduj\u00fa n\u00e1kladn\u00fd proces presnej v\u00fdroby a mont\u00e1\u017ee, m\u00f4\u017eu z digit\u00e1lnych a tepeln\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed \u00faplne odstr\u00e1ni\u0165.<\/p>\n
Termokamery m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 aj zabudovan\u00e9 videorekord\u00e9ry na zachyt\u00e1vanie sn\u00edmok a vide\u00ed pozorovan\u00fdch objektov a mnoho \u010fal\u0161\u00edch pomocn\u00fdch funkci\u00ed, ako je bezdr\u00f4tov\u00fd prenos \u00fadajov (fotografi\u00ed, vide\u00ed) (r\u00e1diov\u00fd kan\u00e1l, Wi-Fi) do extern\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed, dia\u013ekov\u00e9 ovl\u00e1danie jednotky (napr\u00edklad pomocou mobiln\u00e9ho zariadenia), integr\u00e1cia s laserov\u00fdm dia\u013ekomerom (pri\u010dom \u00fadaje z dia\u013ekomera sa zobrazuj\u00fa na obrazovke jednotky) a integr\u00e1cia so sn\u00edma\u010dmi GPS (geopoz\u00edcia) at\u010f.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Premena tepeln\u00e9ho infra\u010derven\u00e9ho \u017eiarenia na vidite\u013en\u00fd obraz Vn\u00edmanie teplotn\u00fdch rozdielov Termosn\u00edma\u010d – k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e1 s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 ka\u017edej termokamery PRINC\u00cdPY FUNGOVANIA TERMOKAMIER V<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[858],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-58658","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tipy-a-rady-sk"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thermaldevices.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58658","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thermaldevices.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thermaldevices.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thermaldevices.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thermaldevices.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=58658"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/thermaldevices.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58658\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thermaldevices.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=58658"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thermaldevices.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=58658"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thermaldevices.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=58658"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}