{"id":58647,"date":"2022-05-26T07:22:04","date_gmt":"2022-05-26T07:22:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thermaldevices.eu\/jak-funguje-termalni-zobrazovani\/"},"modified":"2022-05-26T07:22:04","modified_gmt":"2022-05-26T07:22:04","slug":"jak-funguje-termalni-zobrazovani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thermaldevices.eu\/cs\/jak-funguje-termalni-zobrazovani\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak funguje term\u00e1ln\u00ed zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed?"},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u0159evod tepeln\u00e9ho infra\u010derven\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed na viditeln\u00fd obraz
\nVn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed teplotn\u00edch rozd\u00edl\u016f
\nTermosn\u00edma\u010d – kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 sou\u010d\u00e1st ka\u017ed\u00e9 termokamery<\/p>\n

PRINCIPY FUNGOV\u00c1N\u00cd TERMOKAMER<\/h1>\n
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V in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed existuj\u00ed pojmy objekt a pozad\u00ed. Objekty jsou b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 v\u011bci, kter\u00e9 je t\u0159eba detekovat a prozkoumat (lid\u00e9, vozidla, zv\u00ed\u0159ata atd.), pozad\u00ed je v\u0161e ostatn\u00ed, co nen\u00ed pokryto objektem v zorn\u00e9m poli (les, tr\u00e1va, budovy atd.).<\/p>\n

Fungov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ech termovizn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f je zalo\u017eeno na vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed teplotn\u00edch rozd\u00edl\u016f mezi dv\u011bma v\u011bcmi, tj. objektem na pozad\u00ed, a na p\u0159evodu tohoto rozd\u00edlu na viditeln\u00fd obraz. Proto\u017ee v\u0161echna t\u011blesa nejsou zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1na stejn\u011b, vznik\u00e1 obraz rozlo\u017een\u00ed infra\u010derven\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed. \u010c\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed je rozd\u00edl mezi intenzitou infra\u010derven\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed objektu a intenzitou infra\u010derven\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed pozad\u00ed, t\u00edm l\u00e9pe rozli\u0161iteln\u00fd a kontrastn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je tepeln\u00fd obraz. Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 termovizn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroje jsou schopny detekovat teplotn\u00ed rozd\u00edly 0,015-0,07 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n

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\nV\u011bt\u0161ina p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f no\u010dn\u00edho vid\u011bn\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00fdch bu\u010f na elektronkov\u00fdch zesilova\u010d\u00edch obrazu, nebo na sn\u00edma\u010d\u00edch CMOS\/CCD detekuje infra\u010derven\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed v rozsahu vlnov\u00fdch d\u00e9lek 0,78-1 \u00b5m, co\u017e je jen o zlomek vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed spektr\u00e1ln\u00ed citlivost ne\u017e u lidsk\u00e9ho oka. Termokamery pracuj\u00ed v rozsahu vlnov\u00fdch d\u00e9lek 3-555 \u00b5m (MWIR neboli infra\u010derven\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed st\u0159edn\u00edch vln) a 8-14 \u00b5m (LWIR neboli infra\u010derven\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed dlouh\u00fdch vln). V tomto p\u00e1smu vlnov\u00fdch d\u00e9lek jsou p\u0159\u00edzemn\u00ed vrstvy atmosf\u00e9ry pro infra\u010derven\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed pr\u016fhledn\u00e9 a emisivita pozorovan\u00fdch objekt\u016f s teplotami -50 – +50 \u00b0C je nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Termokamera je elektronick\u00e9 pozorovac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed obraz rozd\u00edlu teplot ve sledovan\u00e9 oblasti prostoru. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9 termokamery je mikrobolometrick\u00e9 pole (term\u00e1ln\u00ed senzor) a ka\u017ed\u00fd obrazov\u00fd prvek tohoto pole (pixel) dok\u00e1\u017ee m\u011b\u0159it teplotu s vysokou p\u0159esnost\u00ed.
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V\u00fdhoda termokamer spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee nepot\u0159ebuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zdroje osv\u011btlen\u00ed, jsou to pasivn\u00ed syst\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 dob\u0159e funguj\u00ed jak ve dne, tak v noci. Jak ji\u017e bylo zm\u00edn\u011bno, \u0161patn\u00e9 pov\u011btrnostn\u00ed podm\u00ednky, jako je mlha nebo d\u00e9\u0161\u0165, nevytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky pro termovizi, tyto podm\u00ednky by u\u010dinily b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje no\u010dn\u00edho vid\u011bn\u00ed zcela nepou\u017eiteln\u00fdmi.<\/p>\n

Fungov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ech termovizn\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed lze jednodu\u0161e popsat n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Objektiv termokamery vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed na povrchu term\u00e1ln\u00edho senzoru teplotn\u00ed mapu v\u0161eho, co se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v zorn\u00e9m poli (tak\u00e9 se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 mapa teplotn\u00edch rozd\u00edl\u016f).<\/li>\n
  • Mikroprocesor a dal\u0161\u00ed elektronick\u00e9 prvky \u010dtou data z tepeln\u00e9ho senzoru, zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00ed je a vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed tvar na displeji, kter\u00fd p\u0159edstavuje vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed interpretaci dat. Tento obraz pak pozorovatel sleduje okul\u00e1rem nebo p\u0159\u00edmo na obrazovce.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Termokamery maj\u00ed v\u00edce spole\u010dn\u00e9ho s digit\u00e1ln\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edstroji no\u010dn\u00edho vid\u011bn\u00ed ne\u017e s p\u0159\u00edstroji no\u010dn\u00edho vid\u011bn\u00ed se zes\u00edlen\u00fdm obrazem (b\u011b\u017en\u011b ozna\u010dovan\u00fdmi jako analogov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my) a umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed po\u010det u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdch nastaven\u00ed a \u00faprav.<\/p>\n

    Nap\u0159\u00edklad nastaven\u00ed jasu a kontrastu, nastaven\u00ed barev obrazu, zaveden\u00ed pomocn\u00fdch informac\u00ed do zorn\u00e9ho pole (aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010das, \u00farove\u0148 nabit\u00ed baterie, ikony aktivn\u00edch re\u017eim\u016f atd.), digit\u00e1ln\u00ed zoom, obraz v obraze (zobrazuje zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00fd obraz pozorovan\u00e9ho objektu nebo jeho \u010d\u00e1sti v dal\u0161\u00edm mal\u00e9m okn\u011b) a funkce vypnut\u00ed displeje (slou\u017e\u00ed k \u00faspo\u0159e energie a zamezen\u00ed podsv\u00edcen\u00ed).<\/p>\n

    Termovizn\u00ed a digit\u00e1ln\u00ed pu\u0161kohledy mohou m\u00edt tak\u00e9 mnoho funkc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 mohou st\u0159elci pomoci, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad n\u011bkolik voliteln\u00fdch zam\u011b\u0159ova\u010d\u016f s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi tvary a barvami, pohodln\u00e9 a rychl\u00e9 funkce nulov\u00e1n\u00ed, jako je “one-shot zeroing” a “Freeze”, funkce automatick\u00e9 korekce vzd\u00e1lenosti, n\u011bkolik profil\u016f nulov\u00e1n\u00ed pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 pu\u0161ky, indikace bo\u010dn\u00edho n\u00e1klonu, \u00fahlu elevace a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch.<\/p>\n

    Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s analogov\u00fdmi pu\u0161kohledy pro no\u010dn\u00ed vid\u011bn\u00ed je zam\u011b\u0159ova\u010d v digit\u00e1ln\u00edch a termovizn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u00edch obvykle “digit\u00e1ln\u00ed”, tj. obraz zam\u011b\u0159ova\u010de je p\u0159ekryt obrazem sc\u00e9ny pomoc\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed videa. D\u00edky tomu, \u017ee obraz pozorovan\u00e9ho objektu a s\u00ed\u0165ky jsou um\u00edst\u011bny ve stejn\u00e9 rovin\u011b (rovina zobrazen\u00ed), jsou eliminov\u00e1ny efekty, jako je paralaxa. Zam\u011b\u0159ova\u010d se pohybuje elektronicky, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje odstranit mechanick\u00e9 korek\u010dn\u00ed prvky, kter\u00e9 se obvykle vyskytuj\u00ed u analogov\u00fdch pu\u0161kohled\u016f. Proto lze tyto mechanick\u00e9 korek\u010dn\u00ed prvky, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed n\u00e1kladn\u00fd proces p\u0159esn\u00e9 v\u00fdroby a mont\u00e1\u017ee, z digit\u00e1ln\u00edch a tepeln\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed zcela odstranit.<\/p>\n

    Termokamery mohou m\u00edt tak\u00e9 vestav\u011bn\u00e9 videorekord\u00e9ry pro po\u0159izov\u00e1n\u00ed sn\u00edmk\u016f a vide\u00ed pozorovan\u00fdch objekt\u016f a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch pomocn\u00fdch funkc\u00ed, jako je bezdr\u00e1tov\u00fd p\u0159enos dat (fotografi\u00ed, videa) (r\u00e1diov\u00fd kan\u00e1l, Wi-Fi) do extern\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, d\u00e1lkov\u00e9 ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed jednotky (nap\u0159\u00edklad pomoc\u00ed mobiln\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed), integrace s laserov\u00fdm d\u00e1lkom\u011brem (s \u00fadaji z d\u00e1lkom\u011bru zobrazovan\u00fdmi na obrazovce jednotky) a integrace se senzory GPS (geopozice) atd.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    P\u0159evod tepeln\u00e9ho infra\u010derven\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed na viditeln\u00fd obraz Vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed teplotn\u00edch rozd\u00edl\u016f Termosn\u00edma\u010d – kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 sou\u010d\u00e1st ka\u017ed\u00e9 termokamery PRINCIPY FUNGOV\u00c1N\u00cd TERMOKAMER V<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[853],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-58647","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tipy-a-rady"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/thermaldevices.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58647","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/thermaldevices.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/thermaldevices.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thermaldevices.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thermaldevices.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=58647"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/thermaldevices.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58647\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/thermaldevices.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=58647"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thermaldevices.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=58647"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/thermaldevices.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=58647"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}